Advertisements in Media

The use of internet is increasing. That supported growth of media also. People are use internet as they use to eat, sleep, and love. Media is term comes from this area.

Media:

                Media (the plural of medium) are the collective communication outlets or tools that are used to store and deliver information or data. It is either associated with communication media, or the specialized communication businesses such as: print media and the press, photography, advertising, cinema, broadcasting (radio and television), and/or publishing.

Now, we have to understand what is advertising.

Advertising:

Advertising (or advertizing) is a form of marketing communication used to persuade an audience to take or continue some action, usually with respect to a commercial offering, or political or ideological support.We use media in various ways like newspaper, fliers, business cards, billboards, etc.Here are few types through which we can found advertisements.

1.    Print Advertising
2.    Out- Door Advertising
3.    In-Door Advertising
4.    Broadcast Advertising
5.    Surrogate Advertising
6.    Celebrity Advertising
7.    Classified Advertising
8.    Online Advertising
 Let us have look at all the advertisement media.

1.       Print Advertising:

If an advertisement is printed on paper, be it newspapers, magazines, brochures, fliers that would be considered a portable printed medium, then it comes under print media.

2.       Out- Door Advertising:

Advertising on billboards or signboards outside of a building and often by the roadside consider as Out-Door Advertising.

 3.       Broadcast Advertising:

 Very popular advertising medium constitutes of several branches like television, radio or the internet. Television advertisements have been very popular ever since they have been introduced.

  4.       Covert Advertising:

It is a kind of advertising in which a product or a particular brand is incorporated in some entertainment and media channels like movies, television shows or even sports.

 5.       Surrogate Advertising:

Surrogate Advertising is prominently in cases where advertising a particular product is banned by law. Law for products like cigarettes or alcohol are injurious to health prohibits advertising.

6.       Celebrity Advertising:

Although the audience is getting smarter and smarter and the modern day consumer getting immune to the exaggerated claims made in a majority of advertisements, there exist a section of advertisers that still bank upon celebrities and their popularity for advertising their products.    

Critique on "Waiting for the Barbarians"

 

"Waiting for the Barbarians" is a novel published in 1980. “Waiting for the Barbarians” is about morality and it deals with human cruelty. The title is from a tone from the Greek post “Constantine P. Cavafy”. The story was about imaginary Empire. In the novel time was unspecified. There was Barbarian tribes, who were living at the edge of the Empire.

Waiting for the Barbarians” somehow against of humanity and it, challenges humanity in many ways. As we know, Colonel Joll was a cruel fellow. He tortured people without any crime. The main character of the novel was the Magistrate. He became the victim of injustice. There was no evidence against him, if we look at the depth of the novel. The Magistrate was having peaceful personality. He was the territorial frontier of the Empire. He was a person of authority and he was quite old. He loses his power when the Empire sent an army to protect the town from the Barbarians.
At the same time, he saved one tortured barbarian girl from the street. Colonel Joll tortured her. Her tribe people left her behind. There was also a dialogue on it by the magistrate:

“However kindly she may be treated by her own people, she will never be courted and married in the normal way: she is marked for life as the property of a stranger, and no one will approach her save in the spirit of lugubrious sensual pity that she detected and rejected in me. ( Coetzee, 1982: 135)”.

The barbarian girl had only support of the magistrate. He was different from the Empire people. He also questions to the Colonel Joll:

“How do you find it possible to eat afterwards, after you have been working with people? (...) I have imagined that one would want to wash one’s hands, but no ordinary washing would be enough, one would require priestly intervention, a ceremonial of cleansing, don’t you think? Some kind of purging of one’s soul too – that is how I imagined it. Otherwise, how would it be possible to return to everyday life- to sit down a table, for instance, and break bread with one’s family or one’s comrades? (Coetzee, 1982: 126)”

“Waiting for the Barbarians” can also be criticised as violence on women. The women were marginalised by tribe people and by power show the dark side of the time. The best example was that barbarian girl, who was semi blind and black but she had to pay for being woman.

The magistrate’s character is static. At the same time Colonel Joll’s character representing colonial time. He misused his power. According to feminist film critic,
“Woman is deprived of a gaze, deprived of subjectivity and repeatedly transformed into the object of a masculine desire”

Magistrate became helpless and Colonel Joll, who represents the empire, the authority, and the realm of man, is narrated in the following way in the novel;

                “I try to call out something, a word of blind fear, a shriek, but the rope is now so tight that I am strangled, speechless.(…)
                I am swinging loose. The breeze lifts my smock and plays with my naked body.
                I am relaxed, floating. In a woman’s clothes. “
                (Coetzee,1982:120)

Thus, “Waiting for the Barbarians” is the novel about human violence and the waiting which never ends.

Story of "Mango People" through ON@CC

 

ON@CC is a story about six different characters that have their own problems in life. There is only solution of that problem that is main part of the story. The story begins with train journey of Delhi to Kanpur.

The novel begins with Shyam, who was the main protagonist of the novel. He was working at Connexions Call Centre with his other five colleagues. He was in relationship with Priyanka, who was working with him in same call centre but just before four months, they broke up:  as Shyam was not well employed and even he was having lack of confidence. Priyanka’s mother did not like him. Therefore, as all Indian daughters, she left her love for the sake of her mother’s wish. She got ready to marry NRI boy namely Ganesh. Shyam did not like this at all. But He was feeling helpless. So, here we can compare Shyam’s situation with many other real life boys who having education but some qualities lead them to dissatisfaction.

If we talk about Priyanka, she was very practical. She was in love with Shyam but due to her Mom, she left him and got ready to marry with NRI boy Ganesh. She wanted Shyam as a grown up man but certain qualities of Shyam was not letting her allow doing so. Priyanka was an Indian girl, so for her mother’s happiness, she sacrifice her own happiness.

Varun Malhotra was also representing family issues over here. He had seen his parent has broken relation from very young age. So has that anger and passion to become rich in society. He was smart and intelligent. He was having soft corner for Priyanka.Priyanka’s character is most relevant with real life persons. She left her home to fulfil her dream to become a supermodel. She was so ambitious and for that, she rejected Vroom’s proposal.

Radhika was the only married female character in the novel. Her life was like typical Indian women, who spent her whole life in just praising their in-laws. Her husband cheated her and having extramarital affair.

At the end, Military Uncle’s life is bit complicated also. He was living alone. His son left him and staying in foreign country. Military Uncle’s only wish was to see his grandchildren. But as we saw the situation of senior citizens in our society, same way Military Uncle was also felt rejection in his life from his son.

Thus, here we can see that every character representing different shades of life. It is interesting to read more about all the characters and their life. At the end, they got one solution and that was of call from God. 

Presentation of life and death in "The Old Man and the Sea"

 “A man can be destroyed but not defeated”.

Ernest Hemingway

                Life is always about struggle, hurdles and problems and finally it ends with achievements. “The Old Man and the Sea” novel also talks about struggle of life and about achievements. The darkness we face in our tough time but still we fight for victory that thing is showed in this novel.

                “The Old Man and the sea” is a novel written by Ernest Hemingway. He was an American author. The novel was written in 1951 at Cuba and it was published in 1952. Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on 21^st July, 1899 at Oak Park, United States. He had produced most of his work between the mid 1920s and the mid 1950s. He published seven novels, six short story collections and two non- fiction work. Many of his work are considered classics of American Literature. His first novel was “The Sun also rises”, which was published in 1926.

                After the publication of “The Old Man and the Sea” Hemingway became an international celebrity. He won Pulitzer Prize in May, 1952. In October 1954, Hemingway received Noble Prize in literature. In 1961, he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho and he committed suicide. Hemingway’s family and friends flew to Ketchum for the funeral which was done by the local Catholic priest, who believed the death accidental.

                Thus, a person himself was an inspiration for other and he ends up his own life.

Presentation of Life in “The Old Man and the Sea”:

                “The Old Man and the Sea” mainly focus on the idea of life and death. This novel clearly shows that how an old man defeat his failure. The presentations of positive ideas are well portrayed in this novel. The presentation of life is the sprite which old man shows for those eighty-seven days. If we have to look at the presentation of life then we can say that the character that survived and defeat their failure is the real life.

Santiago as a life in the novel:

                

“A man can be destroyed but not defeated”

                

The line mentioned above is truly defining the character of Santiago. Santiago was an old man. Through out of his life he struggled a lot. Well, he was an experienced fisherman. He was living in a village near Cuban. He was unable to catch the fish for eighty four days. So he became laughing stock of his village. As he was old man, he was also fighting for his existence also.

               

                “Perhaps I should not have been a fisherman.”

                “But that was the thing that I was born for.”

               

                Santiago had committed to himself that he would become a great fisherman and he decided that he would catch biggest fish of the sea. This shows how he challenged himself to become achiever and not to become a failed one. When Marlin was destroyed by sharks, Santiago was broken down. He was fighting with those sharks since last three days but he didn’t lose his pride. He thinks a lot and went to the villagers and become happy. Santiago was able to secure his life and he was also sure that he will never have to endure such an epic struggle again.

                Santiago’s philosophy and his inner power make him different from the other villagers. Santiago’s dedication to his craft separates him from the primitive fisherman motivated by money.

                The way Hemingway used to think about life, the same thing he portrayed in the character of Santiago. Santiago fights against death until he could and finally he didn’t destruct. He remains dedicated to a profession he sees as a more spiritual way of life and a part of nature’s order in the eternal cycle that makes all creatures brothers in their common condition of both predator and prey.

                Santiago’s life was not easy but still he had enough fighting spirit that leads him towards his destiny. He was an old by number not his eyes or his vision to achieve. The only thing makes him different from other was his way of work, philosophy. In his old age also he was having strength to prove his self. He was still young, cheerful and undefeated. He was having best tools to win over the life and they are like Hardship, Hope, Dreams, Faith and Absorption.

               

                “I remember everything from when we first went together.”

                The old man looked at him with his sun- burned confident loving eyes.

                -The old man and the sea

Manolin as a life in “The Old Man and the Sea”:

               

                Manolin was living with Santiago since the age of five. Manolin’s life roams around Santiago all the time. He always used to ask about everything. He cares a lot. He makes sure that Santiago has food, blankets and can rest without being bothered. These shows that one can forgetting his own needs can take care for someone else life. He used to show so much concern about Santiago. His dedication to learning from the old man ensures that Santiago will live on. Manolin had proved that he never feel inferior with Santiago and Santiago also shown care like father to him. These proved that how lively relation they have!!!

Presentation of death in “The Old Man and the Sea”:

                “The Old Man and the Sea” novel is all about life and the spirit to live the life. The way Santiago presents himself that shows that there is no age limit or any other boundaries if we really want to achieve something in life.

“You did not kill the fish only to keep alive and to sell for food, he thought. You killed him for pride and because you loved him after. If you love him it is not a sin to kill him. Or is it more?”

                These lines symbolically speak a lot about death. Marlin was the fish who was killed by Santiago but before that on eighty fifth day when Santiago go further in the sea to catch a big fish, he caught Marlin. Marlin was so long and big fish. Marlin was that much heavy weighted that at one point reader started thinking that Marlin would be able to free from Santiago’s hand. Santiago and Marlin both were struggling for their life at that time.

                The spirit which Santiago got was tremendous. He was not having fear of death but he had enough strength to fight against failure. The way he fought for life shows that death was not acceptable at all by him. At the end of the novel also, he didn’t die. He back to his bed and again started dreaming of lion. That shows that novel was open ended. Hemingway didn’t portray any particular death in this novel. So the death of Marlin was the victory of Santiago. Thus, Hemingway’s style of portraying of life and death was inspirational for the reader which gives strength to the people to face the problem and come out of that and that will be true life.

               

               

                 

Research in Sociolinguistics

Language is very important and basic tool that we used to communicate. The importance of language is essential to every aspects and interaction in our everyday lives. We use language to inform the people around us. We communicate effectively with our words, gestures and tones of voice in a multitude of situation. Being able to communicate with each other form bonds teamwork and it’s what separates humans from other animal species. Communication derives our lives and betters us.

What is Sociolinguistics?

                

Sociolinguistics basically made up of two different words.

                

          Society + Linguistics = Sociolinguistics.

                

Basically society is made up of people and they used language for communication. So sociolinguistics does the study of the relationship between language and society. Importantly it examines how language operates within and creates social structures. It is also the descriptive study of the all aspects of society, cultural norms, expectations and context, on the way language is used and the effects of language use on society. Every person has their own way of speaking language. Studies in sociolinguistics explore the things like we can easily differentiate the person by his or her speech. It is also helpful to find out whether person is from our community or not.

                Sociolinguistics mainly does studies on speech communities based on social categories like age, class, ethnicity, gender, geography profession and sexual identity.

It is also help us to understand why we speak differently in various social contexts and help uncover the social relationship in a community.

Example: The way of interaction with your friend, family, teachers, and strangers will be different from each other.

                Thus, sociolinguistics exists everywhere because our tone always used to get changed person to person.

                The study of sociolinguistics made between two, like:

1. Micro Sociolinguistics

2. Macro Sociolinguistics

Micro Sociolinguistics:

                

Micro sociolinguistics is a kind of a study which mainly focuses on the dialect and stylistic variation. Every person has different dialect and has his or her own style for language. It’s also do study of speaking style of people. Micro sociolinguistics refers to research with a linguistic slant often focusing on dialect and stylistic variation. Both quantitive and qualitative research methods have been employed to explore such linguistic phenomena as phonological differences between dialects or discourse variation between male and female speaker.

Macro sociolinguistics:

                Macro sociolinguistics works on higher level. It studies on not only dialects and styles but it works on behaviours of entire speech community or society. There are so many languages which are speaking by only particular community people, but the same language is not understood by other community people. It also studies the issues like why immigrant communities retain their native language in some society, social context but not in others or how social identity can affect language choice.

Research on Sociolinguistics:

                Sociolinguistics is the study which can explored in many way. There are so many things which are still having discussed in sociolinguistics. If we explores some of those aspects of sociolinguistics research that have been particularly productive when viewed through the lens of L2 teaching and learning. These works will be discussed within three categories:

• Language Variation

• Linguistics relativity

• Language in Contact

Language variations in Sociolinguistics

                

In sociolinguistics, language variation includes languages, dialects, accents, registers, styles or other sociolinguistics variation also called as “Lect”. By using language variation we can avoid misinterpretation “variety” avoids the term language, which many people associate only with the standard language and dialect which is associate with non- standard varieties thought of as less prestigious or “correct” than the standard linguistics speaks of standard and non- standard varieties.

                Freeman and McElhinny, legendry sociolinguistics had done survey on the interaction of culture and gender with respect to politeness. They found that according to society, “In societies where politeness is normative valued or seen as a skill or where acquisition of politeness is not an automatic part of language learning but requires additional training, men tend to be understood as more polite, and women are understood as impolite or too polite. In societies where directness is valued and politeness is seen as a form of deference rather than a skill women tend to be more polite or at least are perceived as a more polite……..

                Thus, they found that it is a kind of ideology rather than use of language. Thus language variation has its own impact on societies which can be found through different researches.

Linguistic Relativity:

                Linguistic relativity can be viewed in many ways. When people from different communities or class misunderstood the common linguistic behaviour that creates problem with the speaker and they trapped into miscommunication. Research had study on cross-cultural miscommunication and they found that the same language speaker also faced the problem of miscommunication and their language can interpret in different way. This miscommunication of language can be called as Pragmalinguistics and Socio-pragmatics failure.

Communicative Competence:

                “Communicative competence”, term coined by Dell Hymes in 1966. Communicative Competence actually means that a language which speaker used is grammatically correct like the user have the knowledge of some basic things like syntax; morphology, phonology and a speaker have also knowledge of when to use proper utterance appropriately.

                Cross linguistic communication also says that speaker with the only knowledge of grammar may be failed in communication but a speaker should also have the knowledge of current communicative aspects. Speaker must be aware of all these things. Thus, social relativity somehow focused on grammar and also on social aspects of language use.

Languages in Contact:

                A speaker or a learner from L1 lives in a variety of environment can get many alternatives to monolinguals. In dialogic situation, varieties of two languages are exists side by side. The first language is used in formal situation like corporate education. Another language is used in informal situation. The first and the other is the local, native language, which considered as a low language.

 

Code-switching is another contact in which a bilingual speakers switch from one language to another at a time and with the same utterance. It is quite easy for bilingual speakers.

                Thus, sociolinguistic is a study of language used in social world. It is very necessary for a speaker to know all the aspects of sociolinguistics.

A Tempest: A Post-Colonial Text.

"Call me X. That would be best. Like a man without a name, or to be more precise, a man whose name has been stolen. You talk about history� well, that's history, and everyone knows it! Every time you call me it reminds me of a basic fact, the fact that you've stolen everything from me, even my identity! Uhuru!"

What is Post-Colonial Literature?

                Post colonial literature is a kind of writing which affected by the moment of colonization. Europe was colonizer in Asia, Africa, Middle East and many other countries. Post-Colonial literature deals with the problems of colonized nation especially the problem happened with act, culture and literature. If we talk about India, India was also very much affected through European colonizer. The post colonial literature also includes post colonial critiques of and about post colonial literature, the undertones of which carry communicate and justify racism and colonialism.

                Colonial writing is very much different from postcolonial literature. Somehow, post colonial literature is also focusing on world literature rather than British literature. Post colonial literature reflects the changing nature of British society, which became multi cultural place. Thus, Post colonial literature put light on literature written after independence and focusing on world literature.

A Tempest:

                

A Tempest is a play by Aime Cesaire written during 1969. It is an adaption of Shakespeare’s “The Tempest”. A Tempest is written in the context of post colonial literature. If we look at the small summary of “A Tempest” than we can found that it is very much near to Shakespeare’s “The Tempest. Aime Cesaire doesn’t make any major changes in “A Tempest”. All the characters are majorly portrays as it is, but as we know “A Tempest” is an example of post colonial literature, Aime Cesaire has focused on three main characters, through which he wants to give his message. They are:

Prospero: A White Master

Ariel: A Mulatto

Caliban: A Black Slave

•  Ariel as a Mulatto:

     A mulatto is a kind of a person who has both Negro and European ancestry. The politically correct term for a person of a mixed race today is “biracial”.

                Mulatto also can be known as a person with half black and half white. These people in time of colonialism were dreamed to having white skin as they were the ruler (white men).

                If we see in the context of Ariel as a mulatto, he was also treated as a slave by Prospero. Prospero was a colonizer so he doesn’t care about people who are ill-treated by him. There is a time in the text which shows that how Prospero used to treat Ariel.

Ariel: Master, I must beg you to spare this kind of labour.

          Prospero: Listen, and listen well! There’s a talk to be                     performed and I don’t care how it gets done!

Ariel: You have promised me my freedom a thousand times and I           am still waiting.

                As Ariel was mulatto, he has desire to become a white but it is unfulfilled desire which never ends. Ariel always wanted to become free but his biological appearance and psychological state never make him free. His desire to become white is always driving him with Prospero. In hope that one day he become free from all this but at the end he doesn’t get anything. There is also one dialogue which shows how colonizer’s and mulatto’s mind works.

Ariel: Sometimes I almost regret it, after all, I might have                      turned into a real tree in the end…

Prospero: Stuff it! I don’t like talking trees. As for your                                 freedom, you’ll have it when I’m good and ready.

               

                This dialogue shows how colonizers mind works. As colonizer was in the power position, slave always stays mute. Their unfulfilled desires always stay silent. Ariel was obeying all the orders of Prospero but still he was unable to find his way or respect or desires. Ariel just has hope that one day he will get his function.

                Ariel, at the end couldn’t able to get his freedom and he was in illusion that he will get freedom.

Caliban as a black slave:

                Caliban was also working as a slave under colonizer Prospero. He was portrayed as a black slave in Aime Cesaire’s “A Tempest”. Caliban was the slave who was totally black. The biological structure of caliban was weird. The native of Caliban was most probably Africa and India.

                Caliban in “A Tempest” was portrayed as a black slave but as it falls under post colonial literature, Aime Cesaire had done some changes in the very beginning of the play. Caliban used his native language, which was forbidden to Prospero.

Caliban: Uhuru!
Prospero: What did you say?
Caliban: I said, Uhuru!
Prospero: Mumbling, your native language again! I’ve already                      told you, I don’t like it. You could be polite at least; a                    simple “hello” wouldn’t kill you.

“UHURU”: freedom.

                 -A Swahili word.

                -Swahili= a member of a Banta people of Zanzibar and the neighbouring coast of Africa.

                Caliban was many times raising his voice against Prospero, which shows that how Caliban fight against colonizer. It was not physical but it was verbal. He many times used his ideas to make Prospero realize that he had strength to fight against colonialism. In one conversation,

 Prospero: What would you be without me?

Caliban: Without you? I’d be the king, that’s what I’d be the king                of the Island. Island was given me by my mother,                            Sycorax.

                In this we found that Caliban had desired to be king but it was not fulfilled. Caliban wanted to defeat Prospero but it was next to impossible for him but still he didn't lose his hope.

                In scene 5, when Prospero sends all the lieutenants off the island, at the end Prospero and Caliban only left on island that can be seen as a fight of colonizer and colonized. The conversation of Prospero and Caliban is very much important during whole play.

Prospero: Come here, Caliban. Have you got anything to say in                       your own defence? Take advantage of my good                              humour. I’m in a forgiving mood today.

Caliban: I’m not interested in defending myself. My only regret is                 that, I've failed.

Prospero: What were you hoping for?

Caliban: First of all, I’d get rid of you. I’d spit you out all your                     works and pomp’s, your “white Magic!”

                This conversation was totally about what Caliban actually wants. Caliban was failed that he couldn't get freedom but that shows that he would still fight. He was no more became slave. He revolted against colonialism and that was the raise of post colonialism. There is one another conversation which defined that revolt very clearly.

Caliban: You know very well that I’m not interested in peace. I’m                 interested in being free! Free you hear?

Prospero: It’s odd…. No matter what you do, you won’t succeed                    in making me believe that I’m tyrant.

                Caliban at the end sung a song which stays alive when Caliban and Prospero left the stage but that song was still there.

Caliban: FREEDOM HI-DAY!  FREEDOM HI-DAY!

                “A Tempest” was answer to those questions which were raised during colonialism. It was about mulatto and black slave, which were treated like more than slave and then REVOLT become necessary.

                If Caliban did the same as Ariel than everything became normal and for the life time they became slave and freedom became illusion for them but Caliban had that strength that can fight against colonizer and his song was proof of that he was not died at all.

                Thus, Aime Cesaire had successfully portrayed all the issues which were needed in post colonial literature.  

 

Critical Scenes in Harold Pinter's "The Birthday Party"

“I never think of myself as wise,I think myself as possessing,A critical intelligence which I,Intend to allow operating.”-Harold Pinter

                Harold Pinter, the name itself says so many things. He was English playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. He was born on 10^th October, 1930 at Hackney, East London, England. He was a sprinter and a cricket player, acting in school, plays and writing poetry. Pinter’s first play was “The Room” which he wrote in 1957. His second play was “The Birthday Party”. These two play falls under the category of comedy of menace. His two another play “No Man’s Land” and “Betrayal” became known as memory plays.                He was rewarded with so many awards like “Companion of Honour (2002), Noble Prize in literature (2005), David Cohen Prize (1995), Lawrence Olivier Award (1996) for his dedication for literature.

“The Companion of Honour I regarded,As an award from the countryFrom 50 years of work- which IThought was OKAY”-Harold Pinter

                It is not at all easy to speak in front of the people who are honouring you but that needs powerful personality and knowledge to speak like this. He received over 50 awards, prizes and many other honours. He was also appeared as an actor in productions of his own work on radio and film. He also undertook a number of roles in works by other writers. He directed nearly 50 productions for stage theatre and screen.

The Birthday Party:

                “There are no hard distinctions
                Between what is real and
                What is unreal, nor between
                What is true and what is false.
                A thing is not necessarily either true or
                False; it can be both true and false.”
                -Harold Pinter        
                          

                “The Birthday Party” is a play which falls under the category of absurd theater and comedy of menace. The play includes such features as the fluidity and ambiguity of time, place and identity and the disintegration of language. There are nearly six characters in the play.1.       Petey Boles – Chair attendant2.       Meg Boles -  Petey’s wife3.        Stanley Webber – A pianist4.       Lulu – Meg’s neighbor5.       Nat Goldberg – A Jew6.       McCann – A stranger comes with Nat

Critical Scenes in “The Birthday Party”:

        “The Birthday Party” is a play which has deep political meaning, interpretations. There are some scenes which has its own meaning which speaks about so many issues. I would like to discuss some of the scenes from the play “The Birthday Party”.

Interrogation Scene:

        “The Birthday Party” itself struggles with so many questions. The play left so many questions in viewer’s mind. There are few scenes which can critically read. One of the major scenes was Interrogation scene.        The scene began with McCann. He was methodically tears Petey’s newspaper into strips. The tearing of newspaper can also be read as symbolically. As McCann was not came out clearly during the whole play. His character is quite unpredictable. Newspaper is the medium of communication or knowledge but McCann was tearing it methodically. That shows that he had some inner fear from outer world. As he was in doubt during the whole play even he was not sure about his work also. Tearing of newspaper can be read as cut down the communication with the outer world and he was living in Petey’s house so that aloof from world and that gives him security.        As he was tearing newspaper, Stanley and McCann had a small conversation about his birthday party. After that Stanley tries to leave from there but McCann block his path. Stanley pick up a paper strip and that makes McCann angry. McCann start intimidating Stanley and then Stanley start speaking about his plans to return home. McCann finds that Stanley became frantic and he became flabbergasted by Stanley’s behavior That shows that Stanley always lives in fear that someone will come and caught him. When McCann and Petey exit, Stanley tries to convince Goldberg to pack up and leave but Goldberg simply talks about celebrating life and some other things. Then McCann re-enters and he and Goldberg order him to sit down but Stanley refuses and this goes on and finally McCann make him to sit by physical harm. Then they both start questioning in rapid-fire way. That was quite weird and irrelevant. The language which they were using was nonsensical and meaningless. Stanley was unable to speak a single word. That scene was a kind of torture. We were unable to get things from it. The scene also left so many questions in our mind.        The political reading of the scene can be write that power is most probably dominating and that makes us to think that why they target Stanley in such a way that he fall down and became speechless. Stanley was became the puppet of Goldberg and McCann hand. This was humiliation which made by powerful country for the smaller countries. Then Stanley stands up and when Meg enters to the room and then everything became normal.        The interpretation of the scene itself gives so many interpretations. Stanley was a conditioned by both of them and Goldberg and McCann were those people who had evil mind. They had wear the mask in front of the people but they were the god of devil behind that white skin, who have power to harm any people whether they can take person’s life also but when they come into the light they again wear mask of gentleman.

The Climax Scene:

        The climax scene more speaks about conflict of identities. It reveals so many things which were unspoken. Here we can found that Goldberg and McCann’s conversation, which make us to think about the identity question of Goldberg and McCann. McCann calls Goldberg by other name and Goldberg got angry upon McCann. That indicates that whether they are angel or evil.
        When Lulu left the room McCann goes off and returns with Stanley. This time Stanley was totally in different personality. He was dressed in a suit and clean, collared shirt, but that was just physical appearance. Mentally, Stanley was lost. The vision which brakes by McCann on his birthday party was totally broke him as a person. He was not able to speak a single word at all. He was just became puppet of Goldberg and McCann’s prank. His personality’s remote control was with Goldberg and McCann.
        Thus, Harold Pinter in his play “The Birthday Party”, portray the very effective and deeply rooted scenes which have seep meaning g to understand about politics, life and own structure of society. And the climax scene can be considered one of the best scenes in the whole play. As Harold Pinter was highly criticizing the treatment of some big nation like America, who somewhere highly active in creating mess between small counties, he gave an indication towards his this play.